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As researchers continue to make enormous progress in mapping disease genes, exciting, novel, and complex analyses have emerged. In Linkage Disequilibrium and Association Mapping: Analysis and Applications, scientists from around the world, who are leaders in this field, contribute their vast experience and expertise to produce a comprehensive and fascinating text for researchers and clinicians alike. The volume comprises four general sections: the first presents an overview and historical basis of the subject. The second section considers the developing methodology and recent findings from studies which have characterized the genome-wide linkage disequilibrium structure in enormous detail. The following section examines all aspects of disease association mapping methodology, and the final two chapters review the early successes in mapping genes involved in two of the most important human diseases: asthma and type 2 diabetes.
Linkage Disequilibrium. --- Chromosome Mapping. --- Genomics --- Gene mapping. --- Génomique --- Cartes chromosomiques --- Statistical methods. --- Méthodes statistiques --- Gene mapping --- Linkage Disequilibrium --- Chromosome Mapping --- Statistical methods --- Electronic books. -- local. --- Genomics -- Statistical methods. --- Genetic Techniques --- Genetic Linkage --- Investigative Techniques --- Genetic Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Genetics --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Chromosome mapping --- Genetic mapping --- Genome mapping --- Linkage mapping (Genetics) --- Mapping, Gene --- Genome research --- Genomes --- Research --- Molecular genetics --- Technique --- Human genetics. --- Cytology. --- Human Genetics. --- Cell Biology. --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Heredity, Human --- Human biology --- Physical anthropology --- Genomics - Statistical methods
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Chirality --- Enantiomers --- Enantoimers --- Chiralité --- Biotechnology --- Separation --- Chirality. --- Separation. --- Biotechnology. --- 544.122.3 --- Antipodes, Optical --- Enantiomorphs --- Isomers, Mirror-image --- Mirror-image isomers --- Optical antipodes --- Optical isomers --- Stereochemistry --- Symmetry (Physics) --- Amino acids --- industry --- Séparation --- Separating --- Production --- Chemical synthesis --- epoxy compounds --- Aminotransferases --- Aspartame --- Phospholipids --- Biocatalysts --- Chiralité --- Separating. --- Enantiomers - Separation. --- Enantiomers - Biotechnology. --- Enantiomers - Separation --- Enantiomers - Biotechnology --- Materiau optiquement pur --- Chiralite --- Captopril --- Beta-lactame --- Mentho --- Enantiomere
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By means of this ‘Frontiers in Genetics’ research topic, we are celebrating 30 years of the Comet Assay. The first paper on this single-cell gel electrophoresis assay was published in 1984 by O. Ostling and K.J. Johanson (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. Vol.123: 291-298). The comet assay is a versatile and sensitive method for measuring single- and double-strand breaks in DNA. By including lesion-specific enzymes in the assay, its range and sensitivity are greatly increased, but it is important to bear in mind that their specificity is not absolute. The comet assay (with and without inclusion of lesion-specific enzymes) is widely used as a biomarker assay in human population studies - primarily to measure DNA damage, but increasingly also to assess the capacity of cells for DNA repair. Ostling and Johanson (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1984) were also the first to report experiments to measure DNA repair, by simply following the decrease of DNA damage over time after challenging cells with ionising radiation. However, this approach is time-consuming and laborious as it requires an extended period of cell culture and is therefore not ideal for biomonitoring studies, which typically require high-throughput processing of many samples. As an alternative approach, the in vitro comet-based repair assay was developed: a cell extract is incubated with a DNA substrate containing specific lesions, and DNA incisions accumulate. The in vitro comet-based repair assay has been modified and improved over the past decade: it was first devised to measure base excision repair of oxidised purines in lymphocytes (Collins et al., Mutagenesis, 2001), but has since been adapted for other lesions and thus other repair pathways, as well as being applied to tissue samples in addition to cell suspensions.Even after 30 years, the comet assay is still in a growth phase, with many new users each year. Many questions are repeatedly raised, which may seem to have self-evident answers, but clearly, it is necessary to reiterate them for the benefit of the new audience, and sometimes being forced to think again about old topics can shed new light. Different applications of the comet assay are discussed, including: genotoxicity testing, human biomonitoring, DNA repair studies, environmental biomonitoring and clinical studies. Furthermore, we will consider and where possible answer questions, including the ones raised by Raymond Tice at the 8th International Comet Assay Workshop in Perugia (Italy 2009): i) What is the spectrum of DNA damage detected by the various versions of the Comet assay?; ii) What are the limitations associated with each application?; iii) What should be done to standardize the assay for biomonitoring studies?; iv) Can the Comet assay be used to monitor changes in global methylation status?; What are the best cell types to use for detecting genotoxic substances in vitro?; v) Can the assay be fully automated?; and more. So this ‘Frontiers in Genetics’ research topic will be written for the beginner as well as for the experienced users of the Comet Assay.
Genetics. --- Electrophoresis. --- Cataphoresis --- Electrochemistry --- Phase partition --- Biology --- Embryology --- Mendel's law --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Breeding --- Chromosomes --- Heredity --- Mutation (Biology) --- Variation (Biology) --- Ecotoxicology --- clinical applications --- Alkaline comet assay --- DNA Repair --- Quality control --- Genotoxicity testing --- DNA Damage --- human biomonitoring --- high throughput --- nanotoxicology
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Molecular biology --- DNA Repair. --- DNA repair --- -577.217 --- Deoxyribonucleic acid repair --- Repair, DNA --- Repair mechanisms in DNA --- Biochemical genetics --- Antimutagens --- Base Excision Repair --- Excision Repair --- Nucleotide Excision Repair --- Base Excision Repairs --- Excision Repair, Base --- Excision Repair, Nucleotide --- Excision Repairs --- Nucleotide Excision Repairs --- Repair, Base Excision --- Repair, Excision --- Repairs, Base Excision --- DNA-Formamidopyrimidine Glycosylase --- DNA Repair Enzymes --- Targeted Gene Repair --- Congresses --- Realization of inheritance information. Translation. Molecular mechanisms of protein biosynthesis --- Congresses. --- 577.217 Realization of inheritance information. Translation. Molecular mechanisms of protein biosynthesis --- DNA Repair --- 577.217
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